Dixon best



(No Model.)

D. BEST. PETROLEUM ENGINE.

I IW Vmm' Patented Apr. 13, 1.897..

fm: Nonms mans co, Punto-Lunq, wAsHlNnrcN, c` c DIXON BEST, OF PETERBOROUGII, CANADA.

Pz-:TROLEUlvl-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 580,446, dated April 13, 1897. Application tiled April 1, 1896. Serial No. 585,758. (No model.)

Zo @ZZ whom z5 may concer/'m Be it known that I, DIXON BEST, machinist, of the town of Peterborough, in the county of Peterborough, in the Province of Ontario, Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Petroleum-Engines, of

l which the following is the specification.

My invention relates to improvements in petroleum-engines; and the object of the invention is to improve the construction of this class of engine so that ordinary fueloil may be used and the explosion' will take place rapidly and to the most advantage; and it consists of an eXploder of peculiar construction, provided with side passage-ways leading into the top of the cylinder, such exploder being provided with a valve for the introduction of the oil and air and an outer shell to afford protection, the remaining coacting parts of the engine being constructed in the manner hereinafter more particularly explained.

Figure l is a sectional perspective view of a petroleum-engine constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional detail of the exploder, the section being at right angles to that shown in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail of the oil and air supply valve for the eXploder.

In the drawings like letters and numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in each figure.

A is the cylinder, which is provided with an air-tight crank-pit A and base-standard A2, preferably forming part of the same.

Bis the main shaft of the petroleum-engine, which is provided with a crank B', and O the ily-wheel.

D is a hollow piston, open at the bottom, and E the crank-rod, which is connected to the piston and crank, as shown. The piston D is provided with a central opening d and a lateral passage-way d beneath the opening d.

cl2 are side passageways made in the cylinder, connecting the end of the passage-way d with the ports cl3 when the piston is down. The ports cl3 are situated in the piston diametrically opposite each other.

F and f are the exhaust port and pipe, respectively, the top of the exhaust-port being slightly above the top of the piston D when the piston is at the end of the downstroke.

A3 is the ordinary water-jacket, which is provided with the supply-pipe ct.

G is the exploder, the interior of which is cylindrical with conical ends g.

g are passage-Ways leading down the sides of the conical ends and joining atthe bottom into one passage-way g2 from each side of the shank g3. The tops of the passage-ways g are situated at about the apex of the conical ends, and such passage-ways are separated by a V-shaped partition g4.

G is the bottom flange-plate of the exploder, by which it is secured to the top of the cylinder A. To the outside of the eXploderI provide a shell H, mostly spherical in form and having at the bottom a flange h, by Which it .is secured to the flange G of the eXploder.

The shell H is provided with ahinged cap 7i', which may be opened to moderate the heat.

In order to provide for the primary heating of the eXploder before starting the engine, I provide an oil-burner I of any suitable form, the flame of which passes through the opening h2 in the shell H.

The air is supplied into the crank-pit and cylinder through a pipe J, provided with a one-way valvej. (See Fig. l.)

K is the oil-andairvalve, which is provided at the inner end with a tapered head k, as shown, the major portion of the valve being in the form of a stem 7a. The stem 7a .fits Within a hollow sleeve 7a2 of interior diameter greater than the stem and provided with an end cap 7a3. Outside of the sleeve 752Iprovide -a cylindrical water-jacket 7a4, which has an interior diameter greater than the exterior diameter of the sleeve 7a2, so as to form an annular space 765 around the sleeve.

K2 is a flange formed around the Waterjacket and designed to form a means for securing it to the flange G2, forming part ofthe hollow cylindrical boss G3, which itself forms a part of the exploder.

The water-jacket 7a4 is connected by the pipe K to the waterjacket A3, and both water-jackets are designed to keep the cylinder and valve cool. The oil is supplied to the valve by a pump L, which is connected by the pipe Z to the annular chamber 7a2, formed around the valve rod or stem 7c.

The valve adhd pump are connected together so that they will coact in the following man- IOO ner: b is a cam on the main shaft. M isa lever pivoted on the pin m, provided with a handle m' and pivot-ally connected to the pump-rod Z". m2 is a friction-roller at the end of the lever, and m3 is a spring encircling the pin 'm and fastened at one end to the base A2 and having the other end extending over the lever M, so as to hold the friction-roller m2 in frictional contact with the cam l).

K3 is an arm extending outwardly from the end of the water-jacket 7a4.

K4 is a bell-crank which is pivoted on the end of the arm K3. The inner end of the bell-crank is connected by a rod K5 to the lever, as shown. The other end of the bellcrank normally abuts the end of the valvestem 7c.

2 is a pin which extends laterally from the valve-rod 7c', and 3 is a flat spring which is secured on the arm K3. The normal tendency of the spring 3 is to press against the pin 2 and thereby force the valve 7c to its seat.

A small quantity of air is introduced with the oil, so as to atomize it and forni a vapor by means of the pipe N, provided with a oneway valve n, cylinder N', and pipe n', leading to the chamber 105.

The operation of my engine is as follows: To start the engine, the exploder G is externally heated by means of the oil-burnerl. ln Fig. l the piston is shown at the bottom of the stroke. The cylinder A above the piston is charged with air and the exploder with the oil-vapor, the air being supplied to the cylinder through the pipe J, crank-pit A', hollow piston and ports d3, passage-ways d2 cl', and central opening d. The fly wheel is started, so as to throw the piston E upwardly, and in its ascent the ports F and d3 are closed. As the piston ascends it compresses the air in the cylinder and forces it up into the exploder through the ports g', penetrating the oil-vapor from both sides and thoroughly mixing the vapor with air, thereby forming an explosive mixture. Then the piston reaches the end of the upward stroke, the explosion occurs. The ring of the oil-vapor at the proper moment, that is, when the piston is at the end of the compression stroke, is regulated by the form and capacity of the exploder. As the crank is crossing the lower outward center a charge of oil is forced into the exploder by means of the oil-pump L and atomized by means of the compressed air stored in the air-tank N'. During the downward movement of the piston it will of course be seen that the air in the cylinder below the piston and the air in the crank-pit would be forced up through the pipe N and valve n, into the air-cylinder, where it remains under pressure and is utilized, as hereinbefore described. During the ascent of the piston it will of course be understood that the fresh supply of air is drawn into the crank-pit through the pipe J. The momentum of the iiy-wheel causes the piston td ascend and compresses the fresh air supplied, as hereinbefore stated, and the vapor mixture in the exploder is again fired automatically by the heat contained in the exploder, and consequently the reciprocating movement will be imparted to the piston.

lt will of course be understood that continuous explosions keep up the necessary heat in the exploder, so that the oil-burner may be turned out after starting the engine. During the downward movement of the piston it will of course be understood that the burned gases will be discharged through the exhaust-port F; but there will, however, be left a slight layer or cushion of burned gas below the bottom of the exhaust-pipe and above the piston E, which I nd in practice as a non-conductor of heat has the effect of preventing the head of the piston from being corroded.

It will be seen from this description that the cycle of the engine is complete in one revolution. It will also be understood, although the oil-vapor or atomized oil when delivered in the heated exploder will not explode, that immediately the mixture of air and vapor is supplemented by the compressed fresh air from the cylinder such explosion will take place.

Vhat l claim as my invention is- 1. The combination with a cylinder and piston, the piston rod and shaft and means for supplying the cylinder with fresh air above the piston, of an exploder secured to the head of the cylinder and provided with passageways leading into the top of the cylinder and an oil-supply valve located in the exploder, means for operating such valve and an annular chamber around the valve-stem connected to the interior of the exploder and an air-supply for such chamber .connected to the interior of the cylinder as and for the purpose specilied.

2. The combination witlia cylinder and piston, of an exploder connected to the head thereof, the di vided passage-way leading from the head of the piston into the exploder and a regulated oil-vapor valve for suoli exploder as and for the purpose specified.

3. The combination with a cylinder, of an exploder circular in interior cross-section provided with conical ends and having a lower flange by which it is secured to the end of the cylinder and a divided passage-way leading from the conical ends into the center of the head of the cylinder as and for the purpose specified.

4. In combination the crank-pit, the cylinder in communication the1ewith,side passages in the body of said cylinder, and the piston having a central opening in the head thereof and ports on the head in communication therewith leading to the exterior of said piston, and ports in the sides of said piston below the head thereof, the said side ports and headports being adapted to be simultaneously brought into communication with the opposite sides of the side passages in the cylinder, substantially as described.

IOC

IIE

rod connected to the lever and stem, and an annular chamber formed around the Valveeasing, and a pipe connecting it to an aircylinder, which is connected by pipe and Valve to the erank-pit as and for the purpose speeied.

DIXON BEST.

Vtn esses REUX.V DENISTON, M. HEFFERNAN. 

